101PD SAMPLEChapter 1 — Basic Concepts: the P&C Lens (≈14 of 150 Q) High-yield review. Full doctrine: Treatise Ch. 1. Practice material — not affiliated with CDI/PSI. §1.1 Definition & indemnity - Ins C §22 — contract / indemnify / contingent or unknown event. - P&C = TRUE indemnity: restore, never improve. Enforcers: valuation · interest-at-loss · subrogation · salvage · other-insurance clauses. - Life contrast: valued contract. CA is NOT a valued-policy state for fire. §1.2 Risk vocabulary Peril = cause · hazard = physical/moral/morale (+legal) · pure only insurable · direct loss (the damage) vs indirect (lost income, ALE, extra expense) — same fire, two coverage parts. §1.3 Insurable interest - At the TIME OF LOSS (life: inception) — the guaranteed contrast question. - Holders: owners, lenders (to balance), tenants (use + improvements), bailees, buyers under contract. - Recovery capped by the interest, not the limit. Liability "interest" = legal exposure (everyone). §1.4 Valuation preview ACV = RC − depreciation · RC (no depreciation; insure-to-value discipline) · extended/guaranteed RC · functional RC · agreed value (kills coinsurance) · stated amount (LESSER of stated/ACV/repair) · valued (fine-arts schedules). §1.5 Subrogation & salvage - Insurer steps into insured's shoes vs the wrongdoer; insured must not impair (no releases); deductible back pro rata. - Salvage: pay total → take the property. Abandonment by insured: never permitted. - Pre-loss waiver of subrogation (leases/construction): permitted. §1.6 The catastrophe map (verified) - Wildfire → FAIR Plan: named perils (fire/lightning/internal explosion/smoke); $3M residential; $20M/bldg + $100M/location commercial HV (eff. 7-26-2025, sunsets 7-2028); NO liability/theft/water → DIC wrap. - Earthquake → excluded from forms; mandatory biennial offer (§10081); CEA mini-policy, 5–25% deductibles. - Flood → NFIP: $250k/$100k residential, 30-day wait (loan-closing exception). §1.7 Risk management & reinsurance STARR set; deductibles/SIR = priced retention; hold-harmless = contractual transfer; captives/RRGs. Reinsurance: treaty vs facultative; catastrophe XL = why wildfire seasons are survivable; policyholder contracts only with the ceding insurer. Trap pairs Says… Turns on ------ "Insured interest at purchase, gone at fire" No interest at loss → no recovery "Lender wants full limit; balance is less" Interest caps at the balance "Keep the wreck AND full ACV" Salvage is the insurer's "Released the at-fault driver" Impaired subrogation "Market value coverage" Land doesn't burn — RC/extended RC talk "FAIR Plan burglary claim" Named perils only — DIC's job "Wear and tear under open peril" Never fortuitous "Insurer's reinsurer failed" Ceding insurer still owes in full Five-question self-test 1. P&C interest timing? — at loss. 2. ACV formula? — RC − depreciation. 3. FAIR Plan perils? — fire/lightning/internal explosion/smoke. 4. Salvage owner post-total? — insurer. 5. Flood answer? — NFIP ($250k/$100k, 30-day wait). Worked mini-drill 1. Buyer in escrow, seller's house burns → each recovers per their own interest at loss. 2. $180k lender on $500k burned home → lender's slice caps at $180k. 3. Insured releases at-fault contractor before claiming → subrogation impaired; payment jeopardized to the prejudice. 4. "$5 trinket policy" → fails economic feasibility; certainties and trivia are